The impact of computer innovation on commercial bank in nigeria free essay sample

Wonder, respect and worship are to God Almighty the alpha and omega for the open door given to me to seek after my vocation. I am offering my true thanks to my capable and productive Co-facilitator and Supervisor, Prince Madandola T. N. who graciously to peruse the content, offered valuable proposal and help and furthermore for his inspiration, tolerance and understanding which added to molding the course of the investigation. My open thankfulness goes to my folks Mr. Ganiy Ibrahim and Mrs. Ayandokun for their help since I was conceived till date and until the end of time. May they live long to procure the their rewards for all the hard work. I am likewise thankful to my instructors in the college, particularly branch of Computer Science. Likewise, I send appreciation to my course mate for their trust in me over the span of study. My exceptional gratitude to my siblings and sisters Ibrahim Kafayat, Ibrahim Monsurat, Adebayo habeeb, Adebayo fatimoh, Adebayo Barakat, Adebayo Hammed, Adebayo Ibrahim, Adebayo Taiye and Kehinde for their petition all through my investigation, I love all of you. We will compose a custom exposition test on The effect of PC advancement on business bank in nigeria or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page May all of you get favor anyplace you face throughout everyday life (Amen). I am thankless rascal on the off chance that I neglect to value my Aunty and mummy Mrs. Yusuph M. for her inspiration and consolation all through my tutoring. Notwithstanding her I would have dropped out from J. S. S three. An existence without the genuine companions resembles a dull perpetual passage for this I state a major thank to all of you, some of them incorporate:- Azeez. Maruf, Lateef, Uthman, Nurudeen, Tajudeen, Sodiq2, Dayo, Ayobami, Olamide, Olaide, Gafar, Ahmed, Olumide, Zynab, Muideen, Muritala, Yusuf, Jamiu and others. I can’t thank you enough, I love all of you. Additionally, I value my significant other to be Miss. Yinusa Abosede M. for her unsurpassed commitment, thank you to such an extent. May God help you as well? At last, I thank every one of the individuals who have been engaged with one way or the other in my life. Much thanks to all of you. Theoretical This investigation was directed to analyze the effect of PC development on business banks in Nigeria a contextual analysis of United Bank for Africa. This exploration work has gotten important to research the issue in all repercussions, with the view to distinguish changes in the degree of exercises of business bank because of PC development in business associations and business banking administrations. In spite of the fact that, PC have inclination to diminish work power however it makes banking activity quicker and effective. Information were assembled in the wake of leading an overview by directing survey and allowing individual meeting. Basic rate, bar graph and chi-square were utilized as measurable instruments to investigated information. In conclusion, it was found during theory testing process that all the invalid speculations were dismissed and elective theory were acknowledged, it was concurred that PC advancement has positive effect on banking industry. List of chapters Title page Certification Devotion Acknowledgment Abstract Table of Contents CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Statement of the Problem Research Question Hypotheses Purpose of the Study Significance of the Study Delimitation Definition of Terms CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW Historical Background of PC History of PC in Nigeria Banking administrations in Nigeria History of United Bank for Africa Plc Role of Computer on the Banking Industry Importance of Computer in the Sector Effort of United Bank for Africa Plc in Computerization Problem confronting PC Innovation in Nigeria These have achieved variety of linkages and bury association among the money related foundation in the current world framework. In this development of market scope, the procedure by which occasions, choice and accomplishments in a single piece of the world have centrality consequences for people, corporate associations and even government on very extraordinary piece of the globe. The advancement of worldwide money related framework are encouraged by the reality actually, investors can arrive at any piece of the world in only a brief period and some portion of the capacity to coordinate beforehand isolate creation capacities. In the course of the most recent couple of years the underlying PCs, each paper, article identifying with the executives, training of workplaces practice appear to allude to the PC transformation yet what does PC truly implies? Fundamentally, PC can be characterized as a machine which acknowledge information from an info gadget, performs arithmetical and intelligent activities as per a predefined program lastly moves the prepared information to a yield gadget either for additional handling or in find printed structure, for example, business archives timetables and the executives control reports. Foundation to the Study The PC framework has definitely stood up for itself in practically all circles of human undertaking in light of its exactness, productivity and high preparing information. In a quickly developing innovative and PC age, different endeavors have been made are as yet being made to create PC projects to upgrade all region of human commitment. This is a direct result of the requirement for data in any association like the business banks. These requests for data exist as a result of: I. The need to give present and verifiable financial record e. g its benefit and misfortune account ii. Requirement for settling on short and long haul choice iii. Need to give data to clients and partner iv. Give data to financial specialists and investors v. Give data to administrative organizations vi. Contenders additionally expect data to design their own techniques For any data to be helpful it must be ideal appropriately incorporated. Brief accessible in appropriate arrangement and applicable, Traditional data framework neglected to fulfill the vast majority of this and this is low the PC situated administration data framework was create and quick making progress. The developing nearness of PC particularly in Commercial Banks in the nation is delighted in and its advantage tackled. The business bank by sheer size corresponding to the monetary framework has experience development because of PC advancement. A business bank is a monetary organization of cases Akinuli O. characterizes business bank as a seller in capital, a vendor in cash. It is a middle of the road party between a borrower and a moneylender. In Nigeria, a financial demonstration of 1999 characterized business bank as a business of getting month to month from outside source and store separately of the installment of premium request giving of cash advance and acknowledgment of credit and checks of the buys and deals of security. Other money related establishments in Nigeria separated from the business banks are the national bank, Merchant banks, Agriculture bank, Mortgage bank, Development bank of every single monetary organization as a rule and banks specifically the business investors have separated themselves as the award supplier of wide scope of store capacities and advance offices to more clients. They are good to go and in that capacity, look to boost their benefits. Business banking activities include acknowledgment of stores I. e. activation of assets, conceding of advance I. e.â giving advances financing of ware sends out by allowing credits to the advertising sheets, going about as giving houses for debentures, loaning assets for business substances and so forth. A business bank is an open social framework which influences and is influenced by its condition. The business bank is made to understand its duty to the two clients and the administration in the general public through its capacities rend ered. The business banks generally will in fore †seeable future assume a prevailing job in the Nigeria money related framework since they speak to the framework. They are likewise channel through which the fiscal arrangements are influenced and they represent a critical parts of the cash gracefully advise regarding request stores. In playing out all the above tasks the business bank need the advancement of PC for powerful conveyance. The developing in the exercises of business bank has required the nature of administrations accessible. One of the primary gets through in nation machine was the Chinese Abacus which Adds, takes away, separates multiplier. In 1890, Herman Hollerith built up the primary mechanical machines of ascertaining. He created figuring ascertaining machine, he at long last created registering recording organization known as universal business machine or IBM (Onasanya 1995). PC use isn't constrained to the financial business alone. It is utilized in homes, foundation, schools, designing firms and different spots where computations should be possible with precision and responsibility. Articulation of the Problem The multifaceted nature of present day business interest for a framework that is quicker and proficient. Specifically banking administrations has developed extra time application in all structure, is inescapable subsequently the banks have encouraged there staff to support up for their objectives of current banking by getting PC education abilities. Among the difficult this examination plans to illuminate or proffer arrangement are:- I. Poor Technological know †how ii. Flighty force disappointment iii. Securing of out of date hardware iv. Absence of specialized aptitudes v. Absence of capital Research question I. What sway in subjective term does PC advancement have on the movement of business banks? ii. What worldwide business impact or systems administration does PC advancement has on business banks? iii. Recognize issues related with fast improvement of PC on the financial administrations Hypotheses For the reason for this exploration work, some elective speculations were defined on the effect of PC development on business banks in Nigeria. These are:- I. There is a positive relationship in the presentation of PC in banks and their exhibition ii. There is uncommon decrease in banking work power in relationship with comp

Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

HR - Essay Example A HRD proficient accept the obligation of the staff coach or instructional originator. HRD experts keep up the organization’s reward framework to ensure reasonable and evenhanded compensation rates. Control and structure the companys repayment program, just as annuities and medical coverage. They report any holes among yields and desires and evaluate laborers execution. They lead preparing programs, which improve representatives aptitudes and upgrade their capacities to work as a gathering. At last, HRD experts assess preparing plans and propose future choices for visit learning. They serve an amazingly essential job in the improvement of an association. Their way of thinking is that they have to have various abilities, just as capabilities, which will help them to get achievement the association they work in. They believe their jobs to be more critical than the real proprietors of the association who, thusly, accept the job of a pioneer. What I found out about the HRD field, while leading this meeting, was that the field in incredibly basic in deciding the achievement of an association. This is on the grounds that individuals who work in this field are the ones answerable for making the ground-breaking workforce that will carry accomplishment to the organization. As a youngster, my dad created me in to being a pioneer. I was astounded of how he dealt with issues as the leader of the family easily. Subsequently, I grew up additionally planning to assume a basic job in carry accomplishment to this world. Through employments, individuals can be fruitful; subsequently, no other field would have suit me better than the HR field. This is where an individual could shape others to turning out to be effective individuals in this world. My qualities as a HR proficient are that I work steadily. It is consistently in me to see an undertaking finished effectively, and after that I end up thinking of another assignment. I likewise select to tune in to different people’s assessments

Manchester City - Management Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Manchester City - Management Success - Essay Example As a player, Mancini lifted four Italian Cups, the Serie A (1991 and 2000), the Cup Winners' Cup (1990 and 1999), the Italian Supercup, and the UEFA Supercup and was casted a ballot the Serie A Player of the Year and Italian Footballer of the Year in 1997. These accomplishments plainly show his ability and capacities. In any case, it was the strangely tremendous forces that he employed as a key player at Sampdoria that demonstrated early that he would get the chance to be a phenomenal supervisor. Here Mancini, a multi year old, regularly conveyed the group talk, sat on the meeting board for choosing the following supervisor and was likewise counseled while choosing the teams’ new unit. Notwithstanding that, he was welcome to executive gatherings and had a state in which players where to be purchased by his club during the exchange showcase (Taylor 2012). This early attack into group the executives jobs gave him a head start just as helped him fabricate the abilities expected to prevail as a football club supervisor. Working with top clubs requires a chief who can deal with the weight from the board, fans, writers and even directors from the rival groups. Kuper (n.d.) contends that one demonstrated quality of effective directors is their capacity to, somehow or another for instance by means of the media (Jackson 2012), bring down the strain that players feel in each match with the goal that they can be loosened up enough to appreciate the game. His contention was that effective groups are those whose players appreciate the game (Kuper n.d.). The way that Mancini played at the most elevated level in football offers affirmation to his players that he completely comprehends what they are experiencing. Another significant attribute of Mancini is his capacity to work with as well as draw out the best from his irksome players, for example, Carlos Tevez and Mario Balotelli at Manchester City (Walker 2012). Here it is ideal to recollect that as a player , Mancini was likewise not the most straightforward to work with. Taylor (2012) contends this could have been on the grounds that he was so rebuffed by disappointment and urgent to the point of having a fixation for winning. Like Mario Balotelli, Mancini was as dexterous as he was hot tempered in his playing days. This could be the motivation behind why he can work with the gifted however troublesome soccer players who join the groups that he is training. At long last, we accept that the best motivation behind why Robert Mancini was chosen to oversee Manchester City is his reputation as a mentor. He has brought cup magnificence for all the clubs where he has instructed to be specific: Fiorentina, Lazio and Inter Milan. Truth be told, with Lazio and Fiorentina, Mancini figured out how to make winning groups disregarding the money related imperatives that constrained him to lose a few key players. At Fiorentina he lost Rui Costa and Francesco Toldo at their prime while at Lazio he n eeded to work without the administrations of Hernan Crespo and Alessandro Nesta. In any case, it was at Internazionale where he demonstrated equipped for taking care of the weight that accompany dealing with a top club. At the point when the Abu Dhabi United Group bought Manchester City in 2008 there motivation was to raise the club to the status of the other top clubs in Europe. Their technique was first to pull in top ability utilizing their enormous riches, at that point a top mentor lastly win the huge trophies locally and abroad. Mancini was an appealing choice in light of the fact that at Fiorentina and Lazio he had exhibited his group building aptitudes and at Internazionale he demonstrated that he could similarly function admirably with a ritzy group. Moreover the proprietors must

President Speech Essay Example for Free

President Speech Essay While chipping away at this task, I have accomplished colossal information and experience has been fascinating. I am appreciative to my PC educator who has guided me and given me the frameworks identified with the point and furthermore the help gave by my companions. I am grateful to my folks for their assistance. I in this manner recognize the way that without their assist this with anticipating would not have been finished. Cricket has consistently been similar to a religion for this nation. It is viewed as something other than a game. The players are considered as diving beings and actually revered. The Twenty20 configuration of cricket made history. After the Twenty20 arrangement of cricket was acquainted with the world, cricket has quite recently been flooding out of everyones ears, its everything about cricket. Indian Premier Leagues source is very intriguing. Everything began when Lalit Modi, the Vice President of the Board of Cricket Control in India (BCCI) imagined the Indian Premier League. It is made along the lines of club football in Europe, explicitly the English Premier League. IPL has been propelled in light of the radical Indian Cricket League (ICL) propelled by Zee Group. The DLF Indian Premier League is an astonishing event in entire of cricket history. The Indian Cricket Board affirmed it a couple of months back. It is viewed as an awesome open door undoubtedly. The configuration of Twenty20 cricket has risen as a wonder after the Twenty20 World Cup was won by India and from that point forward individuals have been completely inundated into it. There is no uncertainty where the Indian Premier League is going, similarly as viewership and benefits forâ everyone related with it is concerned. Theâ 2012 Indian Premier Leagueâ season, curtailed as IPL 5â or the IPL 2012â or the DLF IPL 2012â (owing to title sponsorship reasons), was the fifth period of the Indian Premier League, started by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007 with theâ first season played in 2008. The competition started on 4 April and finished on 27 May 2012 Kolkata Knight Ridersâ were the triumphant group, beating shielding champions Chennai Super Kingsâ by five wickets in the last. This season the quantity of groups in the association went from ten to nine with the end of Kochi Tuskers Kerala. Regardless of a moderate beginning, IPL 5 earned a higher aggregate viewership than any past version of the IPL. [7] The total reach for 74 IPL 5 matches was recorded at 163 million against 162 million for 73 matches in IPL 4, and the last match had a higher reach than any past last. This version of the IPL has been the most serious with 19 matches in which group won in the last finished and 6 matches in which group won by an edge of under 10 runs. Close to the finish of the period, the season confronted different obstacles including a spot fixing case, which supposedly included 5 players got on a sting activity carried on by a neighborhood news channel. The best three groups of the competition (Kolkata Knight Riders, Chennai Super Kings and Delhi Daredevils) will speak to India in theâ 2012 Champions League Twenty20. The Fair Play Award was won by Rajasthan Royals, while Kings XI Punjab batsman Mandeep Singhâ was named the competitions Rising Star and Kolkata Knight Riders bowler Sunil Narineâ was Player of the Season. The last between the guarding double cross champions Chennai Super Kingsâ and the first-run through finalists Kolkata Knight Ridersâ was held at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, Chennaion May 27, 2012. While the Super Kings held their group from the Qualifier, a hamstring injury to Knight Riders medium-pace bowler Lakshmipathy Balajiâ resulted the consideration of Australian Brett Leeâ and this incorporation of another remote player required the Knight Riders to forget about their previous chief and wicket-attendant batsman Brendon McCullum ofNew Zealandâ to keep up the top of 4 outside players. Wicket-attendant batsman Manvinder Bislaâ was got to replace Brendon McCullum. After Super Kings captain Mahendra Singh Dhoniâ won the hurl and chose for bat first, openers Murali Vijay and Mike Husseyâ put on an initial association of 87 until Vijay was excused for 42 (from 32 balls) in the eleventh over. Mike Hussey was joined by IPLs driving run scorer Suresh Rainaâ and they scored at an energetic rate to arrive at 160 when Hussey was excused in the eighteenth over for 54 (from 43 balls). Suresh Rainaâ who had scored an overwhelming 73 (from 38 balls) with fiveâ sixesâ was excused off the last ball as Chennai arrived at an impressive aggregate of 190. In answer, the Knight Riders lost their captain Gautam Gambhirâ cheaply for 2 in the first finished. Be that as it may, they recuperated as Manvinder Bislaâ (89 from 48 balls) and Jacques Kallisâ (69 from 49 balls) included 136 for the subsequent wicket. Not long after Bislas excusal in the fifteenth over, the Knight Riders lost wickets at normal interims and after Kallis was gotten out by Ravindra Jadejaâ off the bowling of Ben Hilfenhausâ at 18. overs, the Knight Riders required 16 runs from the last 7 balls. Shakib Al Hasanâ appeared to have been gotten by Murali Vijayâ off the extremely next conveyance from Hilfenhaus yet it happened to be aâ no-ballâ and in the midst of the festivals, Shakib Al Hasan had finished two runs and held the strike and hit aâ fourâ the next ball. Requiring 9 rushe s to win from the last over, Manoj Tiwaryâ hit consecutiveâ foursâ to secure triumph for the Knight Riders. [31] Manvinder Bisla was announced Man of the Match for his 89 from 48 balls which included five sixes and eight fours. Generally, 22453â runsâ were scored at anâ averageâ of 26. 2 with an overallâ run rateâ of 7. 82. 857â wicketsâ fell in the entire of the competition. Both the measure of runs and the measure of wickets are the most that has happened in one competition out of all five IPL tournaments. Over the span of this competition, pace bowlers took 531 wickets with a normal of 27. 20 and normal run pace of 7. 81 while spinners took 241 wickets at a normal of 31. 35 and normal run pace of 7. 41. In general, 6 centuries were scored. IPL 2008 and IPL 2011â also had a similar sum ofâ centuries. In this competition, 96 fifties were scored, which was the most in any version of the IPL. This version likewise observed 1911 fours, 2 fours not exactly past release ofâ 2011 Indian Premier League. 731 sixes were additionally scored, which was another record for a season. Then again, this version had just 2 occurrences in which a solitary bowler took 5 wicket pull inside his portion of 4 overs according to the principles of Twenty20 cricket. The 2012 period of Indian Premier League (IPL) will be the fifth period of IPL since its initiation in 2007. IPL 5 is going to begin on fourth April and will proceed till 27th May 2012. The finals of ipl 2012 would be held in Chepauk, the home ground of Chennai Super Kings who will likewise be shielding their title this year. Kochi Tuskers Kerala franchisee has been ended by BCCI. KTK has documented an appeal in the court yet has not gotten any relief from the court. IPL 2012 will be played among only nine groups this time. Adrenaline junkies sign Ross Taylor IPL 5 most recent news is New Zealand Captain Ross Taylor has been exchanged by Rajasthan Royals to Delhi Daredevils in front of IPL 2012. Taylor is Delhi’s second huge marking of the period after they gained Kevin Pietersen from the Deccan Chargers. Rajasthan Royals had purchased Taylor for USD 1 million at the IPL Player Auction 2011. The Kiwi played 12 counterparts for the Royals, scoring 181 runs at a normal of 36. 20 and a strike-pace of 119. 07. Levi replaces Symonds in MI Mumbai Indians, the Champions League 2011 victors, today marked T20 sensation Richard Levi as a trade for previous Australian batsman Andrew Symonds, for the fifth version of Indian Premier League 2012. Communicating energy to join the positions of Captain Sachin Tendulkar and Harbhajan Singh, Levi stated, â€Å"I am regarded to have Mumbai Indians the board enthusiasm for my administrations. I have gotten notification from companions around that Mumbai Indians resembles a more distant family where group shares an extraordinary bond and depend upon youths. Past, Sachin Tendulkar has been my youth legend and it is energizing to share the changing area with him. † PWI to play IPL 5 ;amp; Sourav Ganguly to accept all Decisions as Captain? The BCCI-Sahara adventure at last hopes to reach a resolution, with BCCI President N. Srinivasan saying prior in the day, that: â€Å"we do acknowledge what Sahara has done. They may have felt oppressed and didn't get what they needed from the IPL.  Finally, Subrata Roy, came out on a News Channel and affirmed, whatever may happen Pune Warriors will without a doubt play the IPL ;amp; he says Sourav Ganguly will take all the last calls about it. He stated, in no way, shape or form, Sahara needed the players to pass up cricket and consequently PWI group will irritable play the IPL and all choices about it, will be taken by Sourav Ga nguly himself. Additionally, Sahara Boss affirmed that Sourav Ganguly will be the commander of the PWI group ;amp; all cricketing choices of the group will be taken by him. CHENNAI SUPER KINGS Chennai Super Kingsâ (often condensed as CSK) is a franchiseâ cricket teamâ based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu that plays in the Indian Premier League. Established in 2008, the group is right now captained by Mahendra Singh Dhoniâ and instructed by Stephen Fleming, a previous New Zealand cricketer. The groups home ground is the M. A. Chidambaram Stadiumâ (often alluded to as Chepauk) found in Chennai. Chennai Super Kings is the best group in the Indian Premier Leagueâ team up until now. The group has won the IPL title twice in progression (2010â andâ 2011) and arrived at the pla

Carrot or Sick in a Car Issue

Carrot or Sick in a Car Issue? There are more and more cars sold each year all around the world especially in developed countries. With cars being so convenient, it is no wonder the trend is consistent. However, they also raise a whole scope of problems: air pollution, congestion, lack of parking space, the necessity of recycling schemes. Only in Britain the number of cars now roughly equals half of Britains population. It is clear that the growth must somehow be limited. This can be done in two ways. Cars can become less popular if people are encouraged to use alternative forms of transport. This can be easily achieved if city councils make efforts to improve public transport systems. Taking a spacious bus will be appealing to many on condition it is cheap and reliable. Special lanes will not only make riding a bike safe for those who enjoy cycling as a keep fit activity, but also help many people to get to work quickly and on time. Another popular measure is tax incentives for those who buy cars with environmentally friendly exhaust systems and hybrid engines. All the above mentioned steps can persuade people to use their personal vehicles less. However, there is another approach consisting in adopting international laws to control car ownership and use. For example, a car owner must be legally obliged to change a car filtering system every two years or there can be a regulation forbidding to have more than one car in a family. In my opinion, it is far better to use the encouragement approach. Firstly, people are more likely to do something they find beneficial for them personally, rather than something they are simply made to do. Secondly, any attempt to control the way consumer goods are sold can be a serious threat to democracy. People must be persuaded to care about the environment genuinely and enthusiastically and the result will not take long to see. Student Writing Help

How to Write a Research Paper Introduction (2020 Guide)

How to Write a Research Paper Introduction (2019 Guide) Writing your research paper introduction should be viewed as an opportunity to start your essay from a place of strength. A good introduction will strike a balance between engaging the reader and providing pivotal background information. In this opening paragraph it is important to mention relevant aspects of a topic and the exact research question your paper examines. How to Write a Research Paper Introduction Too many writers treat the research paper introduction as mere inconsequential filler before discussing the really valuable facts and findings of the research. This mentality couldn’t be further from the truth. A well-written research paper introduction is like the bow of the ship, cutting into water. It needs to forge a clear path for the rest of the boat through the forces of water. The same goes for your paper: your introduction needs to forge a clear path for the rest of your argument/findings through the hazy forces of your thoughts. When executed well, it gives the reader a taste of the direction the paper will go in. This introduction also helps to engage the reader, seizing their full attention. It also establishes trust with the reader, as you assert the importance of the subject you are covering. A good research paper introduction is also captivating and thus promises the reader that the rest of the paper will be captivating. The best research paper introductions are easy to follow and give a general map of what is to come. Writing a good introduction to a research paper requires that you establish a careful balance between the background of the subject and the direction you plan to transition the paper towards. Taking the time to really understand the nuances connected to a solid research paper introduction can help empower you to write an excellent one. Your research paper introduction is the key to your paper What is a Research Paper Introduction? Your research paper introduction is the paragraph (or in some cases, one to two pages for long papers) that acquaints the reader with your topic. This introduction plays a crucial role and very specific functions. It needs to capture the reader’s interest, state the topic and provide the specific angle that you will be using to examine this topic. The beginning of the research paper introduction needs to offer background in the subject in an engaging manner. Subsequent sentences need to walk the reader through the journey that the paper will take them on. Once the reader has finished the introduction, they should have a general idea of what they’re going to read about. This is so important, as it ensures the reader will stay on the proverbial â€Å"same page† as the writer. A research paper introduction also demonstrates the precise perspective of the author on this topic. This way, the reader understands the direction and goals of the writer, and what they are attempting to achieve. Steps to Writing A Research Paper Introduction Many research paper introductions are structured via what is referred to as the â€Å"reverse triangle.† The first sentence addresses address the topic in a more general manner, and then subsequent sentences zero in on the precise aspects of this topic. Ultimately the goal of the introduction is to arrive at your precise perspective on this topic. The last sentence (or â€Å"point† of the triangle) will state your specific research question or angle. Assert your topic/subject. The first few sentences need to both inform the reader what the topic of your paper is and connect to your specific angle. Making this connection needs to be done in an engaging manner, to grab the interest of the reader. For instance, for a paper that seeks to examine caffeine on the sleep patterns of mice might begin with the words, â€Å"most people can’t and won’t function without their morning cup of coffee.† Alternatively, a sentence like, â€Å"caffeine dependence is at an all time high in America, and most consider it to be a harmless substance† also works. These sentences function as openers for the introduction because they instantly let the reader know: this paper will have something to do with caffeine. Write supporting sentences that connect with the main topic, but in a way that is more specific to your research question. For example, if your paper seeks to determine the impact of caffeine on the sleep patterns of mice, you might write, â€Å"Determining the long term and short terms effects of caffeine on the human body is imperative, given how frequently it is consumed. Even if people don’t notice a disruption in crucial bodily functions doesn’t mean there aren’t any. † These two following sentences work because they bring the reader’s attention to the direction this paper will view caffeine: in terms of side effects. Write a â€Å"drumroll† sentence. This sentence would be just above the point in the reverse-triangle model of writing a research paper introduction. This sentence prepares the reader for what the research question or thesis will be. For example, with this same topic regarding mice and caffeine, the drumroll sentence would be something along the lines of: â€Å"Caffeine and its mercurial impacts on sleep patterns has long been researched and warrants even further inquiry.† Now the reader knows that this paper is going to examine the relationship between caffeine and sleep patterns. State your research question: This should be the last sentence of the first paragraph of your introduction. You should plainly state what this research paper is examining through evidence. The reader should be able to spot and underline the question without confusion. In this example, the research paper would be, â€Å"What is the impact of caffeine on the sleep patterns of mice?† This sentence is effective because it is clear and direct in stating the research question. Address your key words and terms. Use the introduction to define all key words. Certain terms might be obvious to you, but might warrant further elucidation for others. This way the reader will be on the same page as you going forward. After you finish your paper, reread it in its entirety. Assess if your introduction lucidly acquaints the reader with the subject and concisely hints at the points you actually make. Determine if your introduction gives enough overview of the topic at hand so that the reader can determine its significance. Evaluate if your introduction connects the reader with the ultimate position you take on the issue. Make any changes and adjustments if necessary. Example Research Paper Introductions You can also view our full research paper example to see the introduction in action. Cyberbullying With each passing generation, the pressures and challenges placed on youth seem to increase. The Internet has contributed to this situation. While the Internet has created a tremendous amount of opportunity, wealth and connection, it has also caused much pain. Leaked photos, invasions of privacy, cyber attacks, and comparable incidents have made the Internet a treacherous environment. One of the most frustrating aspects of cyber attacks is that they often occur anonymously: via unknown hackers or fake profiles. This can create a breeding ground for the cowardly and the vindictive. When it comes to adolescents, the treachery of the internet is intensified, as parents need to both protect them and empower them from the lurking dangers. Some of those dangers are monstrous, like online pedophiles, and others are misguided anger and growing pains that manifests peer to peer. Cyberbullying represents the newest challenges placed on the youths of this generation. Thankfully, it’s a p henomenon that parents don’t have to cross their fingers about and hope kids figure it out. This paper will examine what parents and children can do to prevent cyberbullying. The American Dream When many people hear the phrase â€Å"the American dream† many picture a house in 1950s suburbia with a stay-at-home mom and a breadwinning dad. Others picture running their own business and being their own boss. The American dream has always represented different things to different people. This fact underscores the very diversity that makes up this nation. Buying a house and earning more than one’s parents was at one time the American dream. However, with each passing generation, the American dream shifts a little bit as a result of progress, the development of technology and the evolution of society. This paper takes a long look at how the current thread of the American dream today has evolved, particularly under the modern influences of social media and the 24-hour news cycle. Specifically, it examines how the thunderous forces of the internet and the media have influenced the current shape of the American dream and the future direction this dream will likely evolv e towards. Global Warming Global warming is one of the most hot button issues of the day, with many scientists fervently debating what some argue to be simple facts. The reason that global warming is such a contentious issue revolves around the interpretation of scientific data. While some scientists argue that there is copious scientific evidence that shows human beings are causing the planet to become consistently warmer over time, others disagree. These dissenting scientists argue that there is no compelling scientific evidence that the human discharge of carbon dioxide will cause disastrous warming of the Earth’s atmosphere. Hence, what some experts assert is a situation of increased warming over time, others argue is simply a manifestation of a common pattern of the earth. Opponents to climate change have long argued that the earth has warmed and cooled over periods, as part of its natural interaction with the larger universe. Based on these dissenting views, this paper will examine: which positio n on global warming has the most scientific research to support it? Abortion Abortion has long been one of the most divisive subjects that can inspire some of the most embittered debates. Those who support abortion see it as a constitutional right, and one directly connected to the inherent right of women over their own bodies. Those in favor of abortion view the fetus as lacking personhood, and hence having no rights. They view anti-abortion law as the attempt of the state to exert control over female body, something they consider totalitarian. Those who oppose abortion see it quite simply as murder. Furthermore, these opponents view abortion against the constitutional right to life that the fetus has. Opponents even go so far as to argue that the fetus can experience pain. While no one might know if the fetus experiences pain or has rights to human life, what one can determine is if abortion has a net negative or net positive effect on humanity. This paper will take a look at two specific English societies: one in New York City, where abortion is legal, and the other in Dublin, Ireland, where abortion is illegal except when being used to safe a woman’s life. This paper will seek to determine: how does a legal versus illegal abortion-centered society impact the health, happiness and overall career success of the women in that society? Child Beauty Pageants Human beings have long been drawn to objects, places, and people of beauty for as long as humans have existed. Beauty in individuals has been viewed as a sign of health, an inspiration for great art, and a source of fascination. With beauty there has also been competition and comparison, as people try to understand, analyze and celebrate beauty. P.T. Barnum is often credited as creating the first beauty contest in the mid 19th century, but public dissent closed it down, provocatively enough. Nowadays, the beauty pageant still exists, but it too has gone through numerous changes and transformations, opening it up to much discussion. Beauty pageants for children have developed as well. This has naturally caused much controversy. Some argue that it teaches children the valuable lesson of winning, losing, poise, presentation, and public speaking. Opponents argue that it reduces the self-worth of children to their outward appearance, something that will cripple their innate sense of self. This paper seeks to examine the after-effects of children who compete in beauty contests by examining the decades following their lives into adulthood after the contests. Ultimately this paper asks the question, what impact do child-level beauty pageants have on the participants’ ability to forge a healthy and balanced adulthood? Immigration and Dreamers America has been famously and repeatedly hailed as a nation of immigrants. This is more than just charming branding of the nation. From a factual and historical perspective, nation was founded by and built by immigrants from all over Europe. Without immigrants, many people have argued, there would be no United States. Yet, in modern times, immigration has spun into a highly charged and complex subject. Immigrants continue to add value and controversy to America and American politics. Even more controversial are the ‘dreamers† the children of adults who immigrated here illegally. These children are innocent: their parents are the ones who broke the law. Many of these young people have assimilated completely to American society and have more connection to this country than the one people argue they should be deported back to. Even so, determining the most just method of dealing with them causes tremendous controversy and embittered debates. This paper will examine the benefits and drawbacks of allowing dreamers to stay in the United States as citizens, using hard data to support each position. Ultimately, this paper asks the question: what is the gross impact of dreamers on American society? The Gap Year As much as America likes to consider itself to be a freethinking, independent and flexible society, there are many aspects of American society that are quite rigid and myopic. One aspect of the nation’s rigidity manifests in the American educational system. So much pressure is put on high school students to get into a good college. Moreover, there is a very concrete expectation that teenagers will begin college immediately after they finish high school. Many child and young adult pedagogical experts consider this to be ludicrous. This tradition denies teenagers the freedom to develop at their own pace and to gravitate to genuine interests at their own speed. For example, Americans generally consider themselves to be freer and less structured than their British counterparts. However, in Britain, it’s typical for teenagers to take a gap year between their high school and collegiate study. This gap year gives young people a chance to take a breath, travel, volunteer and re focus their interests. This way when they do go to college, they are able to apply themselves academically to more organic areas of interest. This is largely because their gap year has given them that insight and clarity. This paper will examine the concrete drawbacks that are connected to pushing teenagers to begin college immediately after high school. Specifically, this paper will explore what the concrete benefits of a gap year are and how they manifest in student success. The Impact of Divorce on Children The divorce rate in America is the highest it’s been in decades. Many sociologists believe this is in part responsible for why people are getting married later and later in life, or not at all. Much has been discussed about the impact of divorce on children. Some experts in child therapy have argued that children are happier, healthier and do better in school when they have two parents in the home. This trend states that even if the married couple is miserable and fighting, the couple being and staying married creates better outcomes for children. The other school of thought on this issue believes that peaceful homes create the best outcomes for children. Experts who believe in this philosophy assert that it is better for parents to divorce than for children to grow up in homes filled with fighting and vitriolic tempers. This paper seeks to achieve clarity between these two viewpoints by examining the health, happiness and success outcomes from children of two sets of homes: h omes riddled with miserably married parents, or homes where the parents have divorced. Is it better for the success and development of children to have parents who are unhappily married or who are happily divorced? 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South Africa Changes in Town and Geographical Names

Since the first democratic election in South Africa in 1994, a number of changes have been made to geographical names in the country. It can get a bit confusing, as mapmakers struggle to keep up, and road signs arent immediately changed. In many instances, the new names were existing ones used by parts of the population; others are new municipal entities. All name changes have to be approved by the South African Geographical Names Council, which is responsible for standardizing geographical names in South Africa. Redivision of the Provinces in South Africa One of the first major changes was the redivision of the country into eight provinces, rather than the existing four (Cape Province, Orange Free State, Transvaal, and Natal ). The Cape Province divided into three (Western Cape, Eastern Cape, and Northern Cape), the Orange Free State became the Free State, Natal was renamed KwaZulu-Natal, and the Transvaal was divided into Gauteng, Mpumalanga (initially Eastern Transvaal), Northwest Province, and Limpopo Province (initially Northern Province). Gauteng, which is the industrial and mining heartland of South Africa, is a Sesotho word meaning at the gold. Mpumalanga means the east or the place where the sun rises, an apt name for South Africas eastern-most province. (To pronounce the Mp, imitate how the letters are said in the English word jump.) Limpopo is also the name of the river forming the northern-most boundary of South Africa. Renamed Towns in South Africa Among the towns renamed were some named after leaders significant in Afrikaner history. So Pietersburg, Louis Trichard, and Potgietersrust became, respectively, Polokwane, Makhoda, and Mokopane (the name of a king). Warmbaths changed to Bela-Bela, a Sesotho word for hot spring. Other changes include: Musina (was Messina)Mhlambanyatsi (Buffelspruit)Marapyane (Skilpadfontein)Mbhongo (Almansdrift)Dzanani (Makhado township)Mphephu (Dzanani township)Modimolla (Nylstroom)Mookgophong (Naboomspruit)Sophiatown (was Triomf) Names Given to New Geographical Entities Several new municipal and megacity boundaries have been created. The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality covers cities such as Pretoria, Centurion, Temba, and Hammanskraal. The Nelson Mandela Metropole covers the East London/Port Elizabeth area. Colloquial City Names in South Africa Cape Town is known as eKapa. Johannesburg is called eGoli, literally meaning the place of gold. Durban is called eThekwini, which translates as In the Bay (although some controversy was caused when several eminent Zulu linguists claimed that the name actually means the one-testicled one referring to the shape of the bay). Changes to Airport Names in South Africa The names of all South African airports were changed from politicians names to simply the city or town theyre located in. Cape Town International Airport needs no explanation; however, who but a local would know where DF Malan Airport was? Criteria for Name Changes in South Africa Legitimate grounds for changing a name, according to the South African Geographical Names Council, include offensive linguistic corruption of a name, a name thats offensive because of its associations, and when a name replaced an existing one people would like restored. Any government department, provincial government, local authority, the post office, property developer, or other body or person can apply for a name to be approved using the official form. The South African government no longer seems to support its South African Geographical Names System which was a useful source of information on name changes in SA.